a Abbreviations:
NA = information not available or unclear from the report;
for sex. M = male, F = female;
for measure(s) used: SR = self-report, SM = standardized measure, CI = clinical
impression.
b The listed N refers to the number of subjects in the study reporting early sexual contact(s) with adults. For national, community, and college samples the total study N is higher than that listed in the table due to the number of subjects in each study whitout such experiences.
c The most common outcome is reported first, followed by the range of outcomes ( -- = very negative, - = negative, 0 = neutral, + = positive).
[*] X should be read as X with a line above it.
Reference |
Country |
Sample type |
N b |
Age at experience |
Current age |
Mea-
|
Range of outcomes c |
| Bagley (1991) | Canada | Commu- nity |
200 M | NA | Range: 18-27 | SM | -, -- to - |
| Baker and Duncan (1985) | GB | National | 82 M | M: X [*] = 12.03 | Range: 15-65 | SR | M: 0, - to + |
| Bernard (1981) | The NLs | Conve- nience |
7 M, 2 F | M: range 7-15, F: both age 12 | NA | SR, SM | M: +, -to + F: +. 0/+ |
| Condy et al. (1987) | US | College | 57 M | X = 12.5, range 6-15 | X = 24.3 | SR | +, - to + |
| Committe on Sexual Canada National Offences (1984) | Canada | National | 307 M, 538 F |
Majority of all subjects: ages 12-18 |
> 16 | SR | 0, - to 0 |
| Davis (1990) | US | Conve- nience |
20 M | X = 11.2, range: 3-16 | NA | SM, SR | +, 0 to + |
| Doll et al. (1992) | US | Conve- nience |
369 M | X = 10, range: 2-17 | X = 31, range: 18-73 | SR | -, - to + |
| FinkeIhor (1979) | US | College | 23 M, 119 F |
M: X = 11.2 F: X = 10.2 |
College age | SR | M: 0, - to + F: -, - to + |
| FinkeIhor et al. (1989) | US | National | 169 M 416 F |
M: Mdn = 9.9 F: Mdn = 9.6 |
18 and over | SR | M: 0, - to 0 F: 0, - to 0 |
| Fischer (1991) | US | College | 20 M | Before puberty | College age | SR | M: NA, - to + F: NA, - to + |
| Fritz et al. (1981) | US | College | 20 M 42 F |
Before puberty | College age | SR | M: NA, - to + F: NA, - to + |
| Fromuth and Burkhart (1987, 1989) | US | College | 87 M | Under 16 | X = 20 | SM, SR | 0, - to 0 |
| Goldman and Goldman (1988) | Austra- lia |
College | 35 M 166 F |
M: X = 10.3 F: X = 9.8 |
X = 22 | SR | M: +, - to + F: -, - to + |
| Hatfield (1987) | US | College | 213 M | NA | X = 21.6 | SM, SR | 0, NA |
| Haugaard and Emery (1989) | US | College | X = 10.3 | X = 19,2 | SM, SR | M: NA, - to + F: NA, - to + |
|
| Ingram (1981) | GB | Conve- nience |
74 M | X = 9.2, Range : 6-14 | NA | CI | 0, 0 to + |
| Lauman et al. (1994) | US | National | 166 M 289 F |
Before puberty or by age 13 | Range: 18-59 | SR, SM | M: 0, - to 0 F: -, - to 0 |
| Landis (1956) | US | College | 140 M 360 F |
< 18 | College age | SR | M: -, - to + F: -, - to + |
| Li et al. (1993) | GB | College | 182 M | < 16 | 81.9% < 30 | SR | 0, - to + |
| Li et al. (1993) | GB | Conve- nience |
22 M | < 16 | Range: 16-44 | SR | 0, - to + |
| Money and Weinrich (1983) | US | Conve- nience |
2 M | 12 & 13 | > 18 | CI, SR | +, + |
| Nelson (1986) | US | Conve- nience |
16 M 37 F |
< 18 | NA | CI | M: NA, - to + F: NA, - to + |
| Okami (1991) | US | Conve- nience |
37 M 33 F |
NA | Range: 16-69 | SM, SR | + experiences only |
| O'Neill (1990) | Puerto Rico | College | 43 M 82 F |
M: X = 10.0 F: X = 10.97 |
X = 22.2, range: 18-54 | SR | M: -, - to + F: -, - to + |
| Predieri (1991) | US | College | 560 M | X = 10.8 | X = 20.2 | SM, SR | 0, - to 0 |
| Risin and Koss (1987) | US | College | 216 M | X = 9.8 | X = 21.1 | SR | 0, -- to 0 |
| Sandfort (1984) | The NLs | Conve- nience |
25 M | X = 13.3, range: 10-16 | Same | SM, SR | +, 0 to + |
| Sandfort (1992) | The NLs | Conve- nience |
123 M 160 F |
< 16 | Range: 18-23 | SM, SR | M: 0, - to + F: -, - to + |
| Sarbo (1984) | US | College | 24 M 62 F |
< 18 | College age | SM, SR | 0, - to 0 |
| Schu!tz and Jones (1983) | US | College | 40 M 70 F |
M: X = 11 F: X = 10 |
M: X = 22 F: X = 26 |
SR | M: 0, - to 0 F: -, - to 0 |
| Simari and Baskin (1982) | US | Conve- nience |
54 M 29 F |
Range: 5-14 | M: X = 31, range: 22-56 | SR | -, - to 0 |
| Stein et al. (1988) | US | Community | 31 M 51 F |
M: X = 11.0 | > 18 | SM, SR | -, -- to 0 |
| Urquiza (1988) | US | College | 53 M | X = 10.3 | College age | SM, SR | +, - to + |
| Woods & Dean (1984) | US | Conve- nience |
65 M | NA | Adult | SR | 0, + to - |